Abstract
The primary goal of the research on image segmentation is to produce better segmentation algorithms. In spite of almost 50 years of research and development in this Held, the general problem of splitting in image into meaningful regions remains unsolved. New and emerging techniques are constantly being applied with reduced Success. The design of each of these new segmentation algorithms requires spending careful attention judging the effectiveness of the technique. This paper demonstrates how the proposed methodology is well suited to perform a quantitative comparison between image segmentation algorithms using I ground-truth segmentation. It consists of a general framework already partially proposed in the literature, but dispersed over several works. The framework is based on the principle of eliminating the minimum number of elements Such that a specified condition is met. This rule translates directly into a global optimization procedure and the intersection-graph between two partitions emerges as the natural tool to solve it. The objective of this paper is to summarize, aggregate and extend the dispersed work. The principle is clarified, presented striped of unnecessary supports and extended to sequences of images. Our Study shows that the proposed framework for segmentation performance evaluation is simple, general and mathematically sound.

Abstract
Intelligent surveillance is becoming increasingly important for the enhanced protection of facilities such as airports and power stations from various types of threats. We propose a surveillance system architecture based on multiple sources of information to apply on large scale surveillance networks. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of the requirements for a flexible and scalable architecture that supports intelligent surveillance using, alongside video, different sources of information, such as audio or other sensors.

Abstract
Early detection of melanoma is crucial for preventing severe complications and increasing the chances of successful treatment. Existing deep learning approaches for melanoma skin lesion diagnosis are deemed black-box models, as they omit the rationale behind the model prediction, compromising the trustworthiness and acceptability of these diagnostic methods. Attempts to provide concept-based explanations are based on post-hoc approaches, which depend on an additional model to derive interpretations. In this paper, we propose an inherently interpretable framework to improve the interpretability of concept-based models by incorporating a hard attention mechanism and a coherence loss term to assure the visual coherence of concept activations by the concept encoder, without requiring the supervision of additional annotations. The proposed framework explains its decision in terms of human-interpretable concepts and their respective contribution to the final prediction, as well as a visual interpretation of the locations where the concept is present in the image. Experiments on skin image datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing black-box and concept-based models for skin lesion classification. © 2023 IEEE.

Abstract
Developing autonomous assistants to help with domestic tasks is a vital topic in robotics research. Among these tasks, garment folding is one of them that is still far from being achieved mainly due to the large number of possible configurations that a crumpled piece of clothing may exhibit. Research has been done on either estimating the pose of the garment as a whole or detecting the landmarks for grasping separately. However, such works constrain the capability of the robots to perceive the states of the garment by limiting the representations for one single task. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end deep learning model named GarmNet that is able to simultaneously localize the garment and detect landmarks for grasping. The localization of the garment represents the global information for recognising the category of the garment, whereas the detection of landmarks can facilitate subsequent grasping actions. We train and evaluate our proposed GarmNet model using the CloPeMa Garment dataset that contains 3,330 images of different garment types in different poses. The experiments show that the inclusion of landmark detection (GarmNet-B) can largely improve the garment localization, with an error rate of 24.7% lower. Solutions as ours are important for robotics applications, as these offer scalable to many classes, memory and processing efficient solutions.

Abstract

Abstract
The remarkable success of deep learning has prompted interest in its application to medical imaging diagnosis. Even though state-of-the-art deep learning models have achieved human-level accuracy on the classification of different types of medical data, these models are hardly adopted in clinical workflows, mainly due to their lack of interpretability. The black-box nature of deep learning models has raised the need for devising strategies to explain the decision process of these models, leading to the creation of the topic of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). In this context, we provide a thorough survey of XAI applied to medical imaging diagnosis, including visual, textual, example-based and concept-based explanation methods. Moreover, this work reviews the existing medical imaging datasets and the existing metrics for evaluating the quality of the explanations. In addition, we include a performance comparison among a set of report generation-based methods. Finally, the major challenges in applying XAI to medical imaging and the future research directions on the topic are discussed.