Abstract
Similitude theory is a branch of engineering science concerned with establishing the necessary and sufficient conditions of similarity among phenomena, and has been applied to different fields such as structural engineering, vibration and impact problems. Testing of subscale models is still nowadays a valuable design tool, helping engineers to accurately predict the behavior of oversized prototypes through scaling laws applied to the obtained experimental results. However, several limitations and difficulties still persist when applying the similitude theory through the current methodologies to complex structures. This manuscript presents an original modular approach. The objective is to improve how the similitude theory is applied through the governing equations, overcoming part of the identified constraints. The major achievement is that, with the new approach, the similitude theory can be applied to complex structures through differential equations of its simple substructures, even if the governing equations for the whole structure are not available. A stiffened plate is selected to demonstrate the use of the modular approach and the accuracy of the scaled model testing. To that end, the modular approach has to be firstly applied to the generalized simple plate and beam. Even though the simplifying assumptions are minimized in the substructure governing equations, the modular, approach is able to avoid the expected increase in the mathematical effort and complexity of the process of applying the similitude theory. In a second step, a relation is established between the scaling relationships derived for each simple structural element of the complex prototype.

Abstract
An overview of the work under development within the EU-funded collaborative project MAESTRI is presented in this chapter. The project provides a framework of new Industrial methodology, integrating several tools and methods, to help industries facing the fourth industrial revolution. This concept, called the MAESTRI Total Efficiency Framework (MTEF), aims to advance the sustainability of manufacturing and process industries by providing a management system in the form of a flexible and scalable platform and methodology. The MTEF is based on four pillars: a) an effective management system targeted at continuous process improvement; b) Efficiency assessment tools to support improvements, optimization strategies and decision-making support; c) Industrial Symbiosis paradigm to gain value from waste and energy exchange; d) an Internet-of-Things infrastructure to support easy integration and data exchange among shop-floor, business systems and MAESTRI tools.

Abstract
Design-for-X (DfX) approaches continues to prove their importance to support design management in increased complexity products and towards sustainable development. Permanent increasing of market competitiveness lead the companies to narrow budgets and increase the application of Lean practices among their departments. Lean Design for eXcellence (LeanDfX) methodology was developed to cross Lean Thinking and Design-for-X project support, assessing multiple domains such as optimization, manufacturing, assembly, maintenance, eco-design, modularity or adaptability. This approach brings a systematic applicability for design engineers and technical managers, assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of a given product design. A LeanDIX index metric, ranging between 0-100%, and original scorecard were created for consistent decision support for comparison of different design concepts or design versions of products, integrating different 'X' domains. In this work, the LeanDIX methodology results are presented for a real industrial case study related to a robot gripper design of a palletizing production cell. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
Design complexity and its relation to Design for Manufacturing continues to be a challenging topic, namely when the objective is to address these aspects in a straightforward manner to young or less experienced design teams. The availability of practical methodologies that induce rules to support novel design creation, in the environment of manufacturing processes, continues to be scarce. This work presents a novel approach named - 0-3D Design Method - that aims to define, in a systematic and geometrical manner, practical rules that allows mechanical designers to relate, in a codified manner, the design geometry of a given mechanical component to the typical manufacturing processes that permit its physical embodiment. The method proposes the definition of types and sub-types of parts, based on the number of spatial dimensions that need to be modified for a given design construction, and its relation to the manufacturing phase of the product life-cycle. A practical mechanical design example is presented to demonstrate the methodology, mapping the parts necessary for the design of a cutting head of a machine-tool. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Abstract
This manuscript presents a novel framework, the Multidimensional Design Assessment Model, which encompasses a multi-criteria approach to efficiency, eco-efficiency and costs assessment for a given design system in aeronautical industry production. The framework is established by adopting Design-for-X and Multi-Layer Stream Mapping approaches, based on Lean Thinking, for efficiency assessment and adopting modules of ecoPROSYS to eco-efficiency assessment. A real case study from aeronautical sector is given to demonstrate the approach, for the assembly of aircraft structure Horizontal Tale Plane, where different results are presented and discussed for each dimension of analysis and how improvement strategies can be designed.

Abstract
This paper presents a structured approach to support the development of self-organized industrial symbiosis, the Toolkit for Industrial Symbiosis. Developed within MAESTRI project, it provides a set of tools and methods to help companies gain value from wasted resources and contributes to MAESTRI goal of advancing the sustainability of European manufacturing and process industry. A participatory approach was taken for its development. The ultimate objective of this work is to encourage companies to change their attitude and consider waste as a resource and potential source for value creation. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.