Abstract
This paper addresses a critical analysis of the impact of the wind ramp events with unforeseen magnitude in power systems at the very short term, modeling the response of the operational reserve against this type of phenomenon. A multi-objective approach is adopted, and the properties of the Pareto-optimal fronts are analyzed in cost versus risk, represented by a worst scenario of load curtailment. To complete this critical analysis, a study about the usage of the reserve in the event of wind power ramps is performed. A case study is used to compare the numerical results of the models based on stochastic programming and models that take a risk analysis view in the system with high level of wind power. Wind power uncertainty is represented by scenarios qualified by probabilities. The results show that the reliability reserve may not be adequate to accommodate unforeseen wind ramps and therefore the system may be at risk.

Abstract
Short-term load forecasting plays an important role to the operation of electric systems, as a key parameter for planning maintenances and to support the decision making process on the purchase and sale of electric power. A particular case in this respect is the consumption forecasting on special days, which can be a complex task as it presents unusual load behavior, when compared to regular working days. Moreover, its reduced number of samples makes it hard to properly train and validate more complex and nonlinear prediction algorithms. This paper tackles this problem by proposing a new approach to improve the accuracy of the predictions amidst existing special days, employing an Information Theoretic Learning Mean Shift algorithm for pattern discovery, classifying and densifying the available scarce consumption data. The paper describes how this methodology was applied to an electrical load forecasting problem in the northern region of Brazil, improving the previously obtained accuracy held by the power company.

Abstract
This paper presents an orthogonal implementation for power system state estimators based on the Maximum Correntropy Criterion (MCC). The proposed approach leads to a numerically robust estimator which exhibits self -healing properties, in the sense that gross errors in analog measurements are automatically rejected. As a consequence, robust estimates are produced without the need of running the state estimator again after bad data identification and removal. Numerical robustness is achieved by means of a specialized orthogonal algorithm based on fast Givens Rotations, which is able to handle the dynamic measurement weighting mechanism implied by the Parzen window concept associated to MCC. Results for a 3 -bus test system are presented to properly illustrate the Correntropy principles, and several case studies conducted on the IEEE 30 -bus and 57 -bus benchmark systems are used to validate the proposed methodology.

Abstract
The uptake of electric vehicles (EV) will require important modifications in traditional grid planning and load forecasting techniques. Existing literature suggests that the integration of EVs will be more adversarial to elements of the existing electricity infrastructure in terms of power supply (kW) than energy (kWh) delivery. While several studies analyzed the grid impact of electric vehicle fleets, few consider the adoption process itself which may lead to strong spatial variations of the utilization of charging infrastructure. The presented approach extends spatial load forecasting, introducing diffusion theory elements to analyze spatio-temporal clustering of EV charging demand. Using open-access census and grid data, this work develops a deterministic framework to forecast spatial patterns of EV charging applied to a real-world environment. Outcomes suggest substantial spatial clustering of EV adoption patterns, showing substation overrating for EV penetration rates of 25% and above with 7.4kW charging power.

Abstract
Portugal is seen worldwide as a case of success in the large-scale integration of renewables in its power system, especially for wind power. Consistent policies and sound management decisions are fundamental, but a sustainable process is not possible without the development of endogenous knowledge. This paper summarizes a set of models, both applied by the industry and representing actual technologic advancement, denoting the context of research and innovation in the country that helps to explain such success. Novelties arise in reliability assessment for systems with renewables, active and reactive power control, integration of wind farms, storage, electric vehicle integration, wind and solar power forecasting and distribution operation and state estimation taking advantage of smart grid structures. In all cases, one relevant trait is evident: the pervasive use of computational intelligence tools.

Abstract
This paper presents a new methodology to define a priority scale for maintenance actions in substations, based on the development of a Composite Risk Index (CRI) associated with each device. Two auxiliary indices are built: Basic Condition (BC) and Operating Condition (OC), representing the physical and functional characteristics of the equipment that can compromise their performance and contribute to the occurrence of failures. Their evaluation is helped by a Technical Capacity Index (TCI), which evaluates how much the equipment has been affected by wear and tear, in the assessment of the Basic Condition, and the classification of the equipment defects by degrees of severity, in the assessment of the Operating Condition. Two cascading Fuzzy Inference Systems of the Mandani type are used, the first in defining the BC, and the second to obtain the equipment CRI denoting maintenance priority, which may then be used in planning maintenance actions. The methodology is verified through an SF6 circuit breaker CRI assessment, and its priority scale for maintenance planning. The method for evaluating the SF6 circuit breakers reliability is validated through a comparison with a statistical approach, using real data collected from equipment installed in Eletrobras Eletronorte Transmission System, in Rondonia, Amazon region of Brazil. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.