Abstract
Nowadays the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, are rapidly increasing in network services, proliferating to almost every environment. This massive appearance of mobile devices creates significant opportunities to leverage these mobile devices to establish novel types of services. However there are also significant concerns about the privacy and security of sensitive data exchanged and stored on these devices. Since these devices are usually embodied with numerous characteristics like camera devices, 3G and NFC connection that can be used to create new alternative authentication schemes in order to guarantee users identity. This paper performs a survey on the current state of the art in alternative authentication mechanisms regarding access and authentication against the traditional login and password scheme by the usage of the mobile devices and their properties.

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors propose and describe an identity management framework that allows users to asynchronously control and effectively share sensitive dynamic data, thus guaranteeing security and privacy in a simple and transparent way. Their approach is realised by a fully secure mobile identity digital wallet, running on mobile devices (Android devices), where users can exercise discretionary control over the access to sensitive dynamic attributes, disclosing their value only to pre-authenticated and authorised users for determined periods of time. For that, the authors rely on an adaptation of the OAuth protocol to authorise and secure the disclosure of personal-private user data by the usage of token exchange and new XML Schemas to establish secure authorisation and disclosure of a set of supported dynamic data types that are being maintained by the personal mobile digital wallet. The communication infrastructure is fully implemented over the XMPP instant messaging protocol and is completely compatible with the public XMPP large messaging infrastructures already deployed on the Internet for real time XML document interchange. Copyright (C) 2013, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.

Abstract
The massive growth of the Internet and its services is currently being sustained by the mercantilization of users' identities and private data. Traditional services on the Web require the user to disclose many unnecessary sensitive identity attributes like bankcards, geographic position, or even personal health records in order to provide a service. In essence, the services are presented as free and constitute a means by which the user is mercantilized, often without realizing the real value of its data to the market. In this chapter the auhors describe OFELIA (Open Federated Environment for Leveraging of Identity and Authorization), a digital identity architecture designed from the ground up to be user centric. OFELIA is an identity/authorization versatile infrastructure that does not depend upon the massive aggregation of users' identity attributes to offer a highly versatile set of identity services but relies instead on having those attributes distributed among and protected by several otherwise unrelated Attribute Authorities. Only the end user, with his smartphone, knows how to aggregate these scattered Attribute Authorities' identity attributes back into some useful identifiable and authenticated entity identity that can then be used by Internet services in a secure and interoperable way.

Abstract
Since 2011, it's mandatory to prescribe through an electronic system in Portugal. Several third party companies start to develop prescribing software/interfaces that act as gateways to transmit the prescription data from the practitioners to the Health Ministry. The use of those companies in this circuit weakens the Prescription System's security levels and compromises the confidentiality and privacy of doctors and patients' personal data. Aim: The main aim is to propose a secure and safer Prescribing System that allows prescriptions' authentication and protects the patient data, keeping their identity confidential. Results: By protecting several system flaws, this proposed increases greatly the Prescription System security levels, protects patient data, and avoid its collection from Third Party Companies. Also the physical model of the electronic Prescription appears to have all the security and applicability requirements needed to function during a communication network dysfunction.

Abstract

Abstract
Determining the frequency of small subgraphs is an important computational task lying at the core of several graph mining methodologies, such as network motifs discovery or graphlet based measurements. In this paper we try to improve a class of algorithms available for this purpose, namely network-centric algorithms, which are based upon the enumeration of all sets of k connected nodes. Past approaches would essentially delay isomorphism tests until they had a finalized set of k nodes. In this paper we show how isomorphism testing can be done during the actual enumeration. We use a customized g-trie, a tree data structure, in order to encapsulate the topological information of the embedded subgraphs, identifying already known node permutations of the same subgraph type. With this we avoid redundancy and the need of an isomorphism test for each subgraph occurrence. We tested our algorithm, which we called FaSE, on a set of different real complex networks, both directed and undirected, showcasing that we indeed achieve significant speedups of at least one order of magnitude against past algorithms, paving the way for a faster network-centric approach.