Abstract
Vila-Cha C, Falla D, Correia MV, Farina D. Changes in H reflex and V wave following short-term endurance and strength training. J Appl Physiol 112: 54-63, 2012. First published October 13, 2011; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00802.2011.-This study examined the effects of 3 wk of either endurance or strength training on plasticity of the neural mechanisms involved in the soleus H reflex and V wave. Twenty-five sedentary healthy subjects were randomized into an endurance group (n = 13) or strength group (n = 12). Evoked V-wave, H-reflex, and M-wave recruitment curves, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and time-to-task-failure (isometric contraction at 40% MVC) of the plantar flexors were recorded before and after training. Following strength training, MVC of the plantar flexors increased by 14.4 +/- 5.2% in the strength group (P < 0.001), whereas time-to-task-failure was prolonged in the endurance group (22.7 +/- 17.1%; P < 0.05). The V wave-to-maximal M wave (V/M-max) ratio increased significantly (55.1 +/- 28.3%; P < 0.001) following strength training, but the maximal H wave-to-maximal M wave (H-max/M-max) ratio remained unchanged. Conversely, in the endurance group the V/Mmax ratio was not altered, whereas the Hmax/Mmax ratio increased by 30.8 +/- 21.7% (P < 0.05). The endurance training group also displayed a reduction in the H-reflex excitability threshold while the H-reflex amplitude on the ascending limb of the recruitment curve increased. Strength training only elicited a significant decrease in H-reflex excitability threshold, while H-reflex amplitudes over the ascending limb remained unchanged. These observations indicate that the H-reflex pathway is strongly involved in the enhanced endurance resistance that occurs following endurance training. On the contrary, the improvements in MVC following strength training are likely attributed to increased descending drive and/or modulation in afferents other than Ia afferents.

Abstract
VILA-CHA, C., D. FALLA, M. V. CORREIA, and D. FARINA. Adjustments in Motor Unit Properties during Fatiguing Contractions after Training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 616-624, 2012. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of strength and endurance training on muscle fiber membrane properties and discharge rates of low-threshold motor units of the vasti muscles during fatiguing contractions. Methods: Twenty-five sedentary healthy men (age (mean +/- SD) = 26.3 +/- 3.9 yr) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: strength training, endurance training, or a control group. Conventional endurance and strength training was performed 3 d.wk(-1), during a period of 6 wk. Motor unit conduction velocity and EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis obliquus and lateralis muscles and biceps lemons were measured during sustained isometric knee extensions at 10% and 30% of the maximum voluntary contraction before and immediately after training. Results: After 6 wk of training, the reduction in motor unit conduction velocity during the sustained contractions at 30% of the maximum voluntary force occurred at slower rates compared with baseline (P < 0.05). However, the rate of decrease was lower after endurance training compared with strength training (P < 0.01). For all groups, motor unit discharge rates declined during the sustained contraction (P < 0.001), and their trend was not altered by training. In addition, the biceps femoris-vasti coactivation ratio declined after the endurance training. Conclusions: Short-term strength and endurance training induces alterations of the electrophysiological membrane properties of the muscle fiber. In particular, endurance training lowers the rate of decline of motor unit conduction velocity during sustained contractions more than strength training.

Abstract
We present an optical imaging system based on compressive sensing (CS) along with its principal mathematical aspects. Although CS is undergoing significant advances and empowering many discussions and applications throughout various fields, this article focuses on the analysis of a single-pixel camera. This work was the core for the development of a single-pixel camera approach based on active illumination. Therefore, the active illumination concept is described along with the experimental results, which were very encouraging toward the development of compressive-sensing-based cameras for various applications, such as pixel-level programmable gain imaging. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America

Abstract
In this paper, we address the problem of tracking feature points along image sequences efficiently. Thus, to estimate the undergoing movement we use an approach based on Kalman filtering, which performs the prediction and correction of the features' movement in every image frame. Measured data is incorporated by optimizing the global association set built on efficient approximations of the Mahalanobis distance (MD). We analyze the difference between the usage in the tracking results of the original MD formulation and its more efficient approximation, as well as the related computational costs. Experimental results which validate our approach are presented.

Abstract
Scenes in real world have dynamic range of radiation that cannot be captured by conventional cameras. High dynamic range imaging is a technique to capture detail images where, in the field of image, intensity variation is extreme. This technique is very useful for biological imaging where the samples have very bright and very dark regions and both parts have useful information. In this article we propose a novel high dynamic range imaging technique based on compressive imaging that uses one single detector instead of camera (array of detectors) to capture an image. Combination of high dynamic range imaging and compressive imaging benefits from imaging with high dynamic range of radiation and advantages of compressive sampling; namely, imaging at regions of optical spectrum where conventional cameras are not readily available and single detectors are available. Additionally, as its name suggests, this technique requires less number of samples (compared to raster scanning). Our experimental results show that high dynamic range compressive imaging system is capable of capturing images with large intensity contrast.

Abstract
Some scenes and objects have a wide range of brightness that cannot be captured with a conventional camera. This limitation, which degrades the dynamic range of an imaged scene or object, is addressed by use of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques. With HDR imaging techniques, images of a very broad range of intensity can be obtained with conventional cameras. Another limitation of conventional cameras is the range of wavelength that they can capture. Outside the visible wavelengths, the responsivity of conventional cameras drops; therefore, a conventional camera cannot capture images in nonvisible wavelengths. Compressive imaging is a solution for this problem. Compressive imaging reduces the number of pixels of a camera to one, so a camera can be replaced by a detector with one pixel. The range of wavelengths to which such detectors are responsive is much wider than that of a conventional camera. A combination of HDR imaging and compressive imaging is introduced and is benefitted from the advantages of both techniques. An algorithm that combines these two techniques is proposed, and results are presented. (C) 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.51.7.071407]