Abstract
Nowadays, with the increase of technology, it is important to adapt children and their education to this development. This article proposes programming blocks for young students to learn concepts related to math and technology in an easy and funny way, using a Web Application and a robot. The students can build a puzzle, with tangible tiles, giving instructions for the robot execute. Then, it is possible to take a photograph of the puzzle and upload it on the application. This photograph is processed and converted in executable code for the robot that can be simulated in the app by the virtual robot or performed in the real robot.

Abstract
With present day industries pressing for retrofitting of current machinery into Industry 4.0 ideas, a large effort is put into data production, storage and analysis. To be able to use such data, it is fundamental to create intelligent software for analysis and visualisation of a growing but frequently faulty amount of data, without the quality and quantity adequate for full blown data mining techniques. This article case studies a foundry company that uses the lost wax method to produce metal parts. As retrofitting is underway, modelling, simulation and smart data visualisation are proposed as methods to overcome data shortage in quantity and quality. The developed data visualisation system is demonstrated to be adapted to the requirements and needs of this company in order to approach full automation ideas. Such data visualisation system allow workers and supervisors to know in real time what is happening in the factory, or study the passage of manufacturing orders for a specific area. Data Analysts can also predict machinery problems, correct issues with slow changing deviations and gather additional knowledge on the implementation of the process itself.

Abstract
Modern industry is shifting towards flexible, advanced robotic systems to meet the increasing demand for custom-made products with low manufacturing costs and to promote a collaborative environment for humans and robots. As a consequence of this industrial revolution, some traditional, mechanical- and hardware-based safety mechanisms are discarded in favour of a safer, more dependable robot software. This work presents a case study of assessing and improving the internal quality of a European research mobile manipulator, operating in a real industrial environment, using modern static analysis tools geared for robotic software. Following an iterative approach, we managed to fix about 90% of the reported issues, resulting in code that is easier to use and maintain.

Abstract
This article proposes a feature-rich, open hardware, open software inexpensive robot based on a Waveshare AlphaBot 2. The proposal uses a Raspberry Pi and a chrome plated light bulb as a mirror to produce a robot with an omnidirectional vision (catadioptric) system. The system also tackles boot and network issues to allow for monitor-less programming and usage, thus further reducing usage costs. The OpenCV library is used for image processing and obstacles are identified based on their brightness and saturation in contrast to the ground. Our solution achieved acceptable framerates and near perfect object detection up to 1.5-m distances. The robot is usable for simple robotic demonstrations and educational purposes for its simplicity and flexibility.

Abstract
In recent years robots have been used as a tool for teaching purposes, motivating the development of fully virtual environments for combined real/simulated robotics teaching. The AlphaBot2 Raspberry Pi (RPi), a robot used for education, has no currently available simulator. A Gazebo simulator was produced and a ROS framework was implemented for hardware abstraction and control of low-level modules facilitating students control of the robot's physical behaviours in the real and simulated robot, simultaneously. For the demonstration of the basic model operation, an algorithm for detection of obstacles and lines was implemented for the IR sensors, however, some discrepancies in a line track timed test were detected justifying the need for further work in modelling and performance assessment. Despite that, the implemented ROS structure was verified to be functional in the simulation and the real AlphaBot2 for its motion control, through the input sensors and camera.

Abstract
Bin picking is a challenging problem common to many industries, whose automation will lead to great economic benefits. This paper presents a method for estimating the pose of a set of randomly arranged bent tubes, highly subject to occlusions and entanglement. The approach involves using a depth sensor to obtain a point cloud of the bin. The algorithm begins by filtering the point cloud to remove noise and segmenting it using the surface normals. Tube sections are then modeled as cylinders that are fitted into each segment using RANSAC. Finally, the sections are combined into complete tubes by adopting a greedy heuristic based on the distance between their endpoints. Experimental results with a dataset created with a Zivid sensor show that this method is able to provide estimates with high accuracy for bins with up to ten tubes. Therefore, this solution has the potential of being integrated into fully automated bin picking systems.