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Abstract Misinformation poses one of the most urgent challenges of our society and raises the question of how to deal with it and manage its rapid spread. To address this problem, a promising approach relies on AI-based misinformation detection. This chapter of the book offers a critical analysis of the ethical implications associated with the design, deployment, and use of misinformation detectors (MDs). Designing and deploying an MD—an AI system that automatically identifies misinformation—is a complex undertaking that requires an interdisciplinary approach, as the challenges faced by MD designers and deployers encompass not only technical aspects, but also linguistic, sociological, political, and especially ethical dimensions. Our analysis is ethics-oriented and follows two main lines of inquiry: (1) Ethics by Design, which focuses on issues related to the design process of an MD, and (2) Ethics of Impact, which addresses the intended and unintended effects of MD deployment and use.

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The European Project Semester (EPS), offered by the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP), is a capstone programme designed for undergraduate students in engineering, product design, and business. EPS@ISEP fosters project-based learning, promotes multicultural and interdisciplinary teamwork, and ethics- and sustainability-driven design. This study applies Natural Language Processing techniques, specifically text mining, to analyse project papers produced by EPS@ISEP teams. The proposed method aims to identify evidence of ethical concerns within EPS@ISEP projects. An innovative keyword mapping approach is introduced that first defines and refines a list of ethics-related keywords through prompt engineering. This enriched list of keywords is then used to systematically map the content of project papers. The findings indicate that the EPS@ISEP robotics project papers analysed demonstrate awareness of ethical considerations and actively incorporate them into design processes. The method presented is adaptable to various application areas, such as monitoring compliance with responsible innovation or sustainability policies. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

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